東區 英文 | 國家地理頻道票選奇特物種 幽靈鯊（ghost shark）
The goblin or ghost shark, Mitsukurina owstoni, is a deep ocean shark, the sole living species in the family Mitsukurinidae. The most distinctive characteristic of the goblin shark is the shape of its head with a long, trowel-shaped, beak-like snout, much longer than other sharks’ snouts with mostly pink skin, and long, protuding jaws.
They is found throughout the oceans of the world.
The pink coloration, unique among sharks, is due to blood vessels underneath a semi-transparent skin (which bruises easily), thereby causing the coloring. The fins have a bluish appearance. The front teeth are long and smooth-edged, while the rear teeth are adapted for crushing.
Up to 25% of the goblin shark’s body weight can be its liver. It is currently not understood why the shark has such a large liver.
Goblin sharks hunt by sensing the presence of prey with electro-sensitive organs snout, due to the absence of light in the deep waters where it swims. Once a shark finds its prey, it suddenly protrudes its jaws, while using a tongue-like muscle to suck the victim into its sharp front teeth. Some prey they have been known to feed on include deep-sea rockfish, cephalopods and crustaceans.
幽靈鯊
科學家表示，在東太平洋發現的新幽靈鯊物種是世界上最古老同時也最為怪異的魚類之一。與其它鯊魚相比，幽靈鯊更不喜歡與陽光為伍。由于棍棒狀性器官長在前額，新種幽靈鯊雄性成員不太可能在群體中扮演領導者角色。
一項最新研究發現，這種新發現的黑色幽靈鯊利用翼狀鰭在加利福尼亞州和墨西哥下加利福尼亞半島海下數千英尺處的漆黑棲息地“飛行”。研究報告聯合執筆人道格拉斯‧朗表示，直到最近，東太平洋黑幽靈鯊才被確定為一個新物種。獨一無二的身體比例將這種幽靈鯊其與其它幽靈鯊區分開來，成為一個單獨的物種。
遙控操縱潛水器在蘇拉威西島附近的深海捕捉到銀鮫(幽靈鯊)的照片。據美國國家海洋與大氣管理局專家介紹，在距今大約4億年前，幽靈鯊從其最親近的親屬——鯊魚家族中分離出來。為了在漆黑一片的深海中發現獵物，幽靈鯊頭上進化了敏感的受體，可以捕捉到其他動物電場的變化。有些幽靈鯊的頭部還有更為獨特的“機關”：例如，科學家日前在東太平洋發現的黑色幽靈鯊，前額就長出了性器官。
參考資料：
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/09/ghostshark/
http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/tech/2009-12/10/content_12622381_1.htm
http://naturescrusaders.wordpress.com/2008/10/page/2/
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